Radio apparatus



Patented June 30,1931

r KTENT ome E AUGUST 'JfKLoNnoK, on NEW YORK; n. Y.

I nnnio APPARATUS directcurrent; such as from a storage battery or a low-frequency alternating current toa current of high voltage and frequency for operating the signaling circuits and ap- 'paratus; p I f Y {Another objecto'i the inventlonis to provide suitable means and circuits for increas ing the amplification of received signal currents-.-- 1

These; and/other allied objects are attained by'a novel combination of means and electrical circuits hereinafter more iiully' descr'ibed and shown 'in the accompanying drawing'in-which 9 i The figure on the drawing illustrates a combination of novel m'eansan'd of novel electrical circuits for a: signal receiving system.

In thedrawing, whereinlike reference charactersdesignate similar parts, thenu- *meral 1' designates a rejectortrap circuit including an inductance coil 16, a condenser 1-7 and a resistance 18. lO'isan aerial ll a ground. An antennarircuit includes: the aerial 10, a condenser 15', loading co1l 14, and-the primary 00111512 and 13. The numera-ls23 and 24 designatetickler coils which v are connected through a condenser '65 in the pl-ate"circuit of an-electron tube 4. The numeral representsan intermediately arrangedfiltering coi'l tunable bya condenser -"37-and serving'for filtering the received signal current' from the aerials for the receiving circuit. 21 is the-secondary coil tunable'by a condenser88. Upon the panel are dials 33. i- A pinion 32 is secured to the dial 33 and engages a crown or bevel gear 31 of about four times its diameter. The gear 81 1S rigidly connected with a. coil socket 526 and'turnably mounted insuitable brackets 27 and 28. The latter are mountedupon said panel 30. Into the socket 26 fit suitable plugs 25 and 35 -which' latter carry preferably'= inter- *f0r instance; A non-rotatable socket 34 producing tube 5. The other coil'49 forms application filed Ju nef 5, 1923. Serial No. 643,505.

is shown in carrying the intermediate coil i The coils-1E223 and l3:24 are arranged with 'theinmagnetic fields opposing oneanother for preventing a reradiating of the received signals from the plate circuits. 55 They may be'secured together by suitable strips 36 and attached to plug 35 in a manner that onlyoneoi' the primary coils 12 is more closely coupled or in a tlghter inductlvc relation with the intermediate coil 22. Two electron tubes 4 and 7 serve foramlplifying a received signal current while an electron tube oscillator serves for supplying a high voltage plate current from a source of a lower voltage current.

The oscillating currents producing tube 5 I comprises aplate electrode, a grid and a filament.

The latter is energized by a battery and has a'terminal at an intermediate point'thereof. The circuits of said electron 70 tube 5 comprising a low voltage plate battery 46 connected with one terminal to the filament and Witlrthe other terminal in multiple the oscillator 5.- Coil 47 is connected to the plate electrode of the oscillating currents 0 an oscillation circuit in multiple to the oscillating currents PIOClLIClH' tube and comprises a-condenser 00, a primary coil of a voltage increasingtransformer 52 and to the filament and other terminal ofsaid battery 46. The transformer 48 serves for producing forced inductive reactions between the oscillation circuit and the discharges through the plate electrode of said tube 5 while in the present practice of impedance coupling, as for instance by connecting the bypass condenser 50 to the'plate directly, the high impedance which is necessary in the plate circuit would permit only a-feeble current to'pass through its high resistance circuit and thus it would operate a coupling means like the coil 52 with insufiicient power.

: y The secondary coil 53 of transformer 52 changeable coils as the coils' 21 -and12'l3 rasan intermediate terminal connected coils 54 and 56 is such that if no current flows through the positive side of coil 53, then the current which flows through the negative side ofcoil 53 through the intermediate termina'l predominates in flowing through coil and produces anegativeenergization of the grid circuit asshown by the dotted line 1 arrows and thus prevents a'flow of a large current through the plate circuit and a corresponding decrease of current through the primary coil of transformer. 52. But if a current from the'positive side of coil 53 is drawn for utilization by the receiving circuits, then a current, flowing in an opposite direction as shown by the full line arrows acts through coil 54 upon coil 56 and the grid 1 circuit for producing a more positive grid swing which permits a. larger current flow through the plate circuit and the cooperating primary coil of transformer 52 proportionally, and thus regulating a'floW of the primary current according to the demand of a secondary current from coil 53. The electron taubeoscillations are preferably adjusted to a higher frequency with respect to that of the receiving circuit so that the secondarycurrentsfrom coil 53 will be modulated by the received signal currents and in turn heterodyned or autodyned by the oscillations set up by transformer'3.

The electron tube 4 serves for amplifying radio "and audio frequency currents. Its

grid circuit comprises an audiotransformer 66, having, its secondary shunted by a condenser 43, further said secondary coil 21 of the aerial. coupling system, then through a rotor coil of an inductance 3 to a terminal at the negative side of coil 53 and then. through coil 54 to the intermediate terminal j ofits-filament.

/ The plate circuit of electron tube 4 v leads through the primarycoils of transformer 66 and suitable inductance elements or a choke coil toward resistance 59 and in multiple thereof from the plate of the electron tube 4 through the tickler coils 23 and 24 and tuning condenser and further toward resistance "59, then through a low frequency transformer v 58 and through a coil 42 toward a terminal of highpotential of the; current supplying transformer coil 53 andthrough coil 54 to the filament of the electron tube .4. In multiple connected to the resistance 59 is a low'resistanc'e circuit includinga bypass condenser 61 in series with the primary 64 of transformer 6 toward an intermediate terminal of'transformer 58.

The purpose'of the condenser 61 in series with the primary of transformer 6 is to prevent a flow of current through the latter when no signals are received while the reactive transformer 58 produces an increased reaction or amplification of signals.

The electron tube 7 has its grid connected in series with the secondary coils 62 and 63 of transformer 6, then through a rotor coil 69 of transformer 8 which latter serves for opposing tube oscillations to a selective switch; and from the lowest switch point of said switch to a negative terminal of coil 53 and through coil 54. An intermediate terminal of said switch connects coil 69 and the grid circuit of electron tube 7 in multiple to the plate of electron tube 4 by means of said coupling transformer 58. A bypass condenser 44 is connected in the'plate circuit of electron tube 4. Other bypass condensers may be used as convenient. V

The electron tube 7 embodies a novel construction. It will be noted that the position of the so-called plate in electron tube 7 is not dependent uponthe usual position farthest from the filament. By covering the farthest from the filament arranged electrodes of tube 7 With an amalgan of caesium,

rubidium and potassium, then we obtain a photoelectric cell wherein the light from the filament merely serves for making the space between the electrodes thereof conductive.

The electron tube 7 shows three grid elements arranged successively between a filament and a plate electrode. The nearest to the filament arranged element shown as a grid is'connected to the filament or to the negative r terminal'of coil 53. The second and fourth electrode elements from the filament serve for the positive and negative element of this discharge device which in this case operates asa photoelectric tube. A high potential currentfrom the volt terminal of coil 53 is connected through a coil 72 of the oscillationjcounteracting transformer 8 to twocoil parts 73 and 74 of a reactive transformer 7 5 til to the second and fourth elements oftube 7.

The coil 74 includes a receiving'instrument 77 connected in series therewith. The third element from the filament serves for the well known grid purpose of acting as a stopper or valve for the discharges of current between Liz:

the other elements. In the case of tube 7 acting as a photoelectric cell, its filament conmeans. In thiscase, furthermore, the filament should preferablybe energized separately' from the other elements, so as to prevent a discharge from them asa plate serving element toward the filament.

The transformers 3 and 8 although of simi-.

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lar construction serve for different purposes depending upon the-direction of current surging through coils and 69, when energized by currents from coils 42 and 72 or 41 in one or the other direction. In the case of trans former 3, its rotor coil 40 produces an en'- ergization or regeneration upon the grid in a direction which supports a discharge of current from the plate and thus makes the electron tube 4 oscillating at a high frequency depending upon the adj ustment'of the constants thereof. The circuits of transformer 3 are so proportioned that they eo-act to produce oseillation at any beat frequency or preferably,

at a multiple of a higher frequency or shorter wave than that of the signal current and preferably of a frequency near to that of the current supplying transformer 53. The transformer 8 however has its rotor coil 69 in an opposed direction adjusted for neutralizing a tendency of the tube toward self oscillating. The coil 41 hereby serves for producing a magnetic field or an energization toward a saturation of the transformers 3 and 8, while a flow of current through the plate coils 42 7 2 or the grid coils 4069 will produce a disturbing effect upon the magnetic field from coils 41 which in turn will react upon the coils from the grid and plate circuits.

The coupling transformers, for instance transformer 58 is connected in the circuit where the circuit parts to two branches. The purpose of the transformers of this type is to produce forced co-actions between the two branches of the circuit.

The purpose of employing two ticlder coils 23 and 24 is to arrange the same for preventing reradiation by producing opposing currents and no resultant currents from the primaries or aerial coils 12 and 18 of the aerial circuit since the plate coils 23-24 will produce opposite and thus no resultant voltage in the coils of the aerial circuits. One of the coils 24 for instance, is wound in an opposite direction with respect to coil 13 and arranged separatelyor adjacent which latter are not coupled to the secondary circuits the cou pling coils including the'primary 12, and the tickler 23 for the secondary 21.

A novel means for producing a transformer with similar impedance values but different number of turns for the primary and sec ondary coils is employed in connection with transformers 6 and 66. The secondary coils G2 and 63 of transformer 6 for instance, are wound on cores of small cross section with a certain number of turns. Several of such secondary coil cores according to the ratio of turns as desired between primary and secondany are then arranged parallel to a single core cross section wound with the primary coil 64 of the same number of turns as one of the secondary coil sections. In this case then the cross section of the core of the secondary coils will be that 'of one coil while the primary coil will have as a core all the cores of said secondary coils Another novel means is employed for preventing a burning out of the insulation of the transformer coils. For this purpose the wire for said coils which may be blank, enamelled orcotton covered are drawn through soluble silicate and then through a fine powder consisting of gypsum, clay, sand or glass for receiving a fireproof coat. Or a wet wire is drawn through powdered cement or a coat of silicate is dried on the wire and the wire passed through acid, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate for producing a coat of insoluble silicate on the wire. Such prepared insulation will permit a heating of the transformer by heavy currents but prevent a damage to the transformer. By employing the necessary compounds for the insulation then a heating of the transformer will produce a glass or a porcelain structure of such transformer.

The operation of the system is as follows z-ri signal received by the aerialground connection flows through the primary 12 and by the latter energizing the secondary coil 21 through an intermediate filtering reactance 2237. The secondary currents operate the grid of tube 4 in the usual manner. .fL regeneration of the signal is obtained through the tickler coil 23 by a variable cou pling or by a condenser adjustment 65 or both. The electron tube 4 acts now as a detector and a regenerator. The plate'circuit of said tube includes the primary of a transformer 6 and a low resistance part of the audio reactance 58 for permitting a large current flow and in multiple thereof through a circuit of high resistance 59. The electron tube 4 having as well known the capacity of a rectifier in that it permits current to flow in one direction only acts also as a rectifier for other hi h frequency currents. The primary of another audio transformer 66 is connected in series with the plate of the electron tube 4 and in multiple to the primary of the audio transformer 66 is a radio frequency coil 23 or the ticl'rler coils 23 and 24 in series with a bypass condenser 65. The amount of currents bypassed by the shunted condenser circuit is larger with a larger capacity condenser. Nhen a detector tube is oscillating then a. grid stopping condenser for obtaining rectification of high frequency currents may be omitted, similarly a tube connected as in a reflex circuit rectifies a portion of the high frequency currents.

In this case the secondary of transformer 66 is connected to the grid circuit to permit a certain amount of increased audio amplification Some electron tubes permit a variation of the amplification by a. variation of the filament rheostat.

The adjustment of the high frequency oscillation producing circuit 40,- 42 serves best to keep the tube near the point where oscillations and signal current are nearly equal m'power.

The high frequency plate current producing oscillator tube is controlled by wayof the secondary coil in a manner so that an mcreased secondary current drawn to the other tubes produces a more positive grid and thus greater reactions from the plate coil 47 upon the currents flowing through coil 49 in the low resistance circuit including the primary of the transformer 52, 53.

The grid of the amplifying tube 7 is connectable through the secondary coils 62 and 63 to the filament or negative transformer terminal respectively or also in series as a' step up ratio impedance to the coupling transformer 58.

It will be noted that the combination of the described circuits and elements will produce ing operating electrodes, input and output circuits, a voltage supplying transformer for operating certain of said electron tubes for amplifying signals by means of a high frequency current therefrom, a source of cur- .rent, said electron tubes including an OSClllator, said transformer having primary and secondary co1ls, said primary belng 1n connection with said source of current and with said oscillator, means for producing reactlons of said oscillator of a frequency preferably above the range of frequencies of a received signal current but not necessarily at a higher harmonic of a signal current, said reactions ofsaid oscillator energizing said primary of said transformer and by the latter said secondary, the latter having a plurality of dif- 'ferent voltage terminals for operating said amplifying electron tubes at any desired voltage, said amplifying electron tubes having output circuits operating at different frequencies regardless of the operating high frequency current from said oscillator and transformer by conventionally bypassing the higher frequency currents in said output cir- '-cuits.

3 2. In a signaling system the combination with receiving circuits and cooperating elements, of a plurality of electron tubes, having output circuits, and being adapted to amplify a received signal current, a transformer for supplying a high frequency current for said output circults of said electron tubes at a deslred voltage, EIIIOSClllQtOl electron tube serving for operating sald transformer, asource of current for operating said oscillator tube andtransformer for produclng a high voltage current for the output circuits Of'SLlCl amplifying electron -tubes,"and

,means for operating said output circuits at a lower frequency than the frequency of said generated operating current.

3. In a signaling system the combination with electric'circuits, ofa source of current, a voltage transformer including a primary and secondary, the latter including a plurality of terminals for obtaining different Voltage values and polarities, including a terminal between coil parts of opposed polarities of said secondary of said voltagetransformer, an electron discharge tube adapted for supplying a plate current of an independent high frequency to other electron tubes and utilizing means including plate, grid and space conductivity producing electrodes, said circuits including said source of current, said primary, a tuning condenser and saiddischarge tube, a second transformer having one coil thereof connected between said terminal between said coil parts of said secondary and said conductivity producing electrode, another coil of said second mentioned transformer having one terminal connected to a terminal of negative polarity of said secondary coil parts and its other'terminal to the grid electrode of said discharge tube for the purpose as set forth.

4c. In a signaling system'the combination with an electric circuit, of an electron tube including electrodes for discharging a current through the space therebetween, a grid adapted for modifying a discharge and means for ionizing the space between said electrodes, a source of current adapted for supplying energy for the operation of said electron tube, a voltage transformer having a primary and secondary, the latter having a plurality of terminals for tapping different current values from said secondary, means for employing a point intermediate of the secondary coil parts as a zero terminal for a utilizing circuit, a reactive transformer, means for connecting said source of current to said discharge electrodes of said'electron tube inseries with a coil of said reactive transformer, and a circuit including a second coil of said reactive transformer connected between said first mentioned coil and one terminal of said source of current and through a condenser and the pri- 1 tubes, said transformer havingprimary and SGCQIldfl-IYCOllS and cores, means for arranging one set of said coils of-said transformer upon parallel cores, means for utilizing said parallel cores of said mentioned coil set as a single core for the other coil of said transformer, and means for operatively connecting said source of current, said transformer coils and said electron tubes for the purpose set forth.

6. In a signaling system the combination of electric circuits including an electron discharge device having a plurality of electrodes, means for causing a discharge between said electrodes, a source of current, a signal responsive device connected between said source of current and said discharge device including two of said electrodes and a coil of a high frequency transformer, a primary circuit and means for receiving electrical signal current arranged in an operative relation with said discharge device including one of said two electrodes and a third electrode and another high frequency coil in an operative relation with said first mentioned high frequency coil and means for producing electrical oscillations in said circuits at an independent higher frequency than that of the received signal carrier frequency including said high frequency coils, and suitable elements for amplifying the currents in said circuits.

7. In a signaling system the combination, of electric circuits including a plurality of discharge devices, the latter having input and output circuits, a source of current connected with said output circuits and an auto transformer having two coil parts, means for connecting one of said coil parts to an output circuit including said source of current, and means for connecting the other coil part to a tunable circuit at the frequency of the signal current, and means for connecting said tunable circuit with the input side of one of said discharge devices.

8. In a signaling system the combination with electric circuits, of a discharge device having a plurality of electrodes and means for causing a discharge of current between said electrodes, said electrodes including a plurality of grid electrodes, said discharge device including input and output circuits, a source of current connected with said output circuit, an auto transformer having an intermediate terminal connected with said source of current, a plate electrode and a receiving device for signals connected with one end of said auto transformer, and one of said grid electrodes connected with the other end of said auto transformer.

9. A signaling circuit including electron tubes for amplifying radio and audio frequency currents, of circuits and suitable elements for operating the same including the primary of an audio transformer, of circuit connections, between said elements and one of said electron tubes including two branch circuits connected in multiple, one of said branch circuits including a radio frequency amplifying coil connected in series with a condenser, the other branch circuit including said primary of said audio frequency transformer, all for the purpose of permitting each of said multiple connected elements and circuits to operate at their particular frequency.

10. In a signaling system the combination with electron tubes for amplifying signals including conventionally used circuits and elements for operating the same including an output circuit and an element for utilizing an amplified signal, an auto transformer and a source of current connected to said output circuit forming a circuit of high resistance, and a condenser connected in series with said element for utilizing an amplified signal, said source of current and a terminal of said auto transformer forming a circuit of low resistance for currents from said mentioned source adapted to be modulated by signals from said mentioned operating circuits.

11. In a signaling system the combination with electron tubes, of an aerial circuit including two primary coil parts, an electron tube thereof having an input circuit and a regenerative output circuit, said input and output circuits including coils and condensers, coupling means for associating said input circuit with one of said coil parts of said aerial circuit, said two coil parts of said aerial circuit being separated from each other sufliciently, said output circuit including coil parts in an inductive connection with both of said aerial coil parts, but in a manner so that the coil turns of said two aerial coil parts are opposed to the coil turns of said coil of the regenerative output circuit for preventing reradiation of received signals.

12. In a signaling system, an aerial circuit including two terminals, a local signaling circuit including a coupling coil, for said aerial circuit, a tuning condenser, an inductance and a coupling coil toward said local circuit connected in series with one another and between said two aerial circuit terminals, a tuning inductance shunted by a tuning condenser connected additionally between said two aerial terminals including means for changing the tuning range of said last mentioned tuning means.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification this 31st day of May, 1923.

AUGUST J. KLONECK. 

